What You Need To Know About Artemisinin?
Sep 22, 2022
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You may not have a deep understanding of artemisinin, but you must have heard of Tu Youyou, an 85-year-old Chinese female pharmacist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for discovering artemisinin.

What Is Artemisinin?
Artemisinin is one of the most effective drugs for treating malaria. It is a sesquiterpene lactone drug with a peroxide group extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has achieved over 90% curative effect and has been widely used in the treatment of malaria around the world.

What Is Malaria?
Malaria is an insect-borne infectious disease caused by the infection of Plasmodium through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes or the transfusion of the blood of a person carrying Plasmodium. The disease is mainly manifested as periodic and regular attacks, with chills, fever, and sweating all over the body. After repeated attacks for a long time, it can cause anemia and splenomegaly. According to statistics, between 1967 and 1970, in the war between the United States and Vietnam, the number of deaths from malaria on both sides reached hundreds of thousands.
How Does Artemisinin Work Against Malaria?
The peroxy bond in the artemisinin structure is oxidative and is an essential group for antimalarial. The mechanism of action is that the free radicals produced by artemisinin in the body combine with the malaria protein to change the cell membrane structure of the malaria parasite. After the free radicals combine with the malaria protein, the double membrane of the mitochondria will burst and eventually fall off, resulting in the destruction of the cellular structure and function of the malaria parasite, and the chromatin in the nucleus will also be affected to a certain extent. On the other hand, amino acids are the basic substances that constitute proteins, after the action of artemisinin. The uptake of isoleucine by the malaria parasite is reduced, resulting in a block in the synthesis of parasite proteins.

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